History of Yakuza, the Japanese Gangster Origin
Yakuza from Japanese: (やくざ or ヤクザ) or gokudō (极 道) is the name of an organized syndicate in Japan. Yakuza long history starting roughly in 1612, when Shogun Tokugawa shogun in power and get rid of before. The change has resulted in approximately 500,000 people who previously called hatomo samurai-yakko (shogun waiter) quickly lose their masters, or referred to as the ronin.
As the saying goes: those who only have a hammer tends to see things could be wrong with dimartil, as well as with the ronin this. Many of them become criminals and thugs. They are referred to as the kabuki-mono or sloppy eccentric samurai who everywhere took the sword. They talk to each other in slang and secret codes. There is a high-fidelity among fellow ronin so that this group are tough to eradicate.
To protect the city from the kabuki-mono, many small towns in Japan form the machi-yokko (task force (task force) villages). This Task Force consists of the traders, employees, and ordinary people who want to donate energy to deal with the kabuki-mono. Although they are poorly trained and the number is small, but it turned out to machi-yokko members are able to keep their areas from attack by kabuki mono. Among the Japanese people of the 17th century, the machi-yokko are considered as heroes.
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Problems can be complicated, because after a successful roll up the ronin, the members of the machi-yokko are even leaving their original profession and choose to be thugs. This is reinforced by Shogun campurnya participate in maintaining the machi-yokko this. There are two classes of the machi-yokko profession, namely the Bakuto (gamblers) and Tekiya (traders). His name is just the merchant but in fact, the Tekiya is like cheating and blackmail fellow traders. Even so, these people have a strong kinship system. There is a strong relationship between Oyabun (Bos (father)) and Kobun (subordinate (child)), and the senpai-Kohai (Senior-Junior), who later became thick in the Yakuza organization.
Gambler
The Bakuto (gamblers), has a unique history. Originally they were hired by the Shogun to gamble against the employees of construction and irrigation. This measure is intended for the salaries of employees of construction and irrigation run out at the gambling table and effort they can be rented cheaply.
Types of gambling are wont to do is use the card game system similar Hanafuda with Black Jack. Three cards are dealt and if the numbers added up card, the latest figures show who the winner, among the many unlucky cards of 20 cards is the most frequently disumpahi people, because it ends in zero. One configuration of this card is a card with a value of (8-9-3), which in Japanese becomes Ya-Ku-Za which later became the name origin of Yakuza.
From the Bakuto It also appears to mark themselves with the tradition of [[tattoo] disekujur body (called irezumi) and yubitsume (cut finger) as a form of remorse or as punishment. Initially this punishment is symbolic, because the segment of your little finger to be cut to make the owner's hands become more difficult to hold the sword with a steady. This has become a symbol of obedience to leadership.
Modern Yakuza
Time passed, the Bakuto and Tekiya into one identity as the Yakuza. The originally assigned to protect the public - to be feared by society. Japanese leaders take advantage of this is to control society and mobilize nationalism. Yakuza was recruited by the Japanese government joined in the action of the occupation of Manchuria and China by Japan in the 1930s. The yakuza are sent to the area to seize land, and obtain monopoly rights in return.
Yakuza fortunes changed after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. The military took over control from the hands of Yakuza. The members of the Yakuza finally had to choose whether to join the government bureaucracy, so the army or go to jail. It can be said to be sinking prestige Yakuza.
After Japan surrendered, the members of the Yakuza back to the community. Appears one man who managed to unite the entire organization Yakuza. That man is Kodame Yoshio, a former military with the rank of Admiral Young (who reached the age of 34 years). Yoshio Kodame managed to unite the two factions of the Yakuza, the Yamaguchi-gumi, led by Kazuo Taoka, and Tosei-kai, led by Hisayuki Machii. Yakuza membership also grew, especially in the period 1958-1963 is estimated at Yakuza organization has 184,000 members or more money than members of the Japanese army at that time. Yoshio Kodame crowned as the godfather of his Yakuza.
Ecstasy, pachinko and Arms Trade
At present, Yakuza membership is estimated to have declined sharply, but that does not mean harmless. The backbone of their illegal business is pachinko, ampethamine trade (including ice and ecstasy), prostitution, pornography, blackmail, to smuggling weapons.
In the era of the 1980s, Yakuza develop their wings up to the United States, and go in the legal business to wash their money. In operation, the Yakuza buying assets in America and one who never sticking to the surface is the involvement of Prescott Bush, brother of President George HW Bush and uncle of President George W. Bush, in the company's sales transaction of Asset Management International Financing & Settlements in the early 1990s.
Based on a rough estimate of the source of the Far Eastern Economic Review magazine issue of January 17, 2002, Yakuza is estimated to have invested up to 50 billion dollars in stock investments and companies in the United States. Compare with Indonesia's foreign exchange reserves of 36 billion dollars.
In the country, are also suspected Yakuza have a role in the economic slump in Japan for 10 years. As a result amblasnya business property and bank loans in Japan's stagnation after 1990, many debtors who hire members of the yakuza for the collateral they were not confiscated by the bank. In addition, many companies that obtain a bank loan is basically a kigyo shatei, doll companies have Yakuza. Yakuza-owned company is expected to earn between 300-400 billion dollars credit, and partly from the amount that flowed into the parent organization Yakuza. Dealing with things like this, Japanese banks obviously can do little.
On the other hand, members of the Yakuza also often buy the property assets at low prices from companies that need cash for resale with the high price of whatever it is starting from apartments, offices to hospitals. If a building has been purchased by the Yakuza, no one dared to be their neighbors and consequently property prices fell, and soon rose immediately after the Yakuza to sell it.
In addition to operating at lower levels, Yakuza also menggurita among Japanese politicians. Several practices have been uncovered bribes included in the tender program billions of yen worth of public projects. Japan's bank recapitalization program is not protracted ending compounded by the involvement of yakuza who are very interested in the property business and banking credit. Currently, the Japanese banking still bear the burden of bad loans amounting to approximately 1.2 trillion dollars and make the economy did not grow during the last 10 years.
